ifn λ3  (R&D Systems)

Journal: Frontiers in Immunology

Article Title: Next-generation single-cycle respiratory syncytial virus vaccines with increased type I interferon induction yield robust systemic and mucosal responses in mice

doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1778423

Figure Lengend Snippet: Impact of reduced NS1 levels on IFN expression. A549 cells were infected with RSV-Mnull/G1, RSV-Mnull/F1, RSV-Mnull, and RSV-rWT, or left uninfected (mock). Infected cell supernatant was examined at 24 hpi. (A) mRNA levels. Total RNA was extracted from infected cells and real-time PCR was performed (primers listed in Materials and Methods). IFN levels were normalized to RSV N protein mRNA levels. Fold change is indicated on the Y-axis. (B) Cytokine ELISA. Supernatants were harvested from infected cells, and cytokine levels were determined using commercially available human IFN-β or IFN-λ3 specific kits. Error bars are the standard deviation of the mean of triplicate samples. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001.

Article Snippet: The levels of IFN-β and IFN-λ3 in the supernatants were determined using the human IFN-β and human IFN-λ3 DuoSet ELISA kits (R&D Systems, MN, USA), following manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Expressing, Infection, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Type I and Type III Interferons Differentially Shape Antiviral Defense and Epithelial Integrity at the Choroid Plexus

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.10.705109

Figure Lengend Snippet: All choroid plexus organoids used were 55±5 days old. (A) Heatmap showing changes in cytokine and chemokine levels in supernatants collected from ChP organoids infected with 200 PFU of E5 at 1, 3, and 5 days post infection, displayed as fold change relative to uninfected controls. (B) Bar plot showing concentrations (log 10 pg/mL) of type III interferons (IFN-λ2/3 and IFN-λ1) and type I interferons (IFN-β and IFN-α2) in supernatants from infected ChP organoids at 1, 3, and 5 days post infection; data are shown as mean ± standard deviation with individual organoids represented as points. (C) Bar plot showing concentrations (log 10 pg/mL) of type III interferons (IFN-λ2/3 and IFN-λ1) and type I interferons (IFN-β) in CSF-like fluid collected from ChP organoids at 2 and 3 days post infection; data are shown as mean ± standard deviation with individual organoids represented as points. (D) Volcano plot showing differential gene expression in ChP organoids at 3 days post infection compared with mock-infected controls. (E) Heatmap showing the top upregulated interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in ChP organoids at 3 days post infection. (F) Dot plot from scRNAseq of infected cerebral organoids showing expression of type III IFN receptor subunits ( IFNLR1 and IL10RB ), type I IFN receptor subunits ( IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 ), and selected ISGs ( ISG15 , IFIT2 , and IFITM2 ) across annotated cell clusters; values are scaled such that 1 (red) represents the highest normalized expression and 0 (white) represents the lowest, and dot size indicates the percentage of cells within each cluster expressing the indicated gene. (G–I) ChP organoids were pretreated with 0, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL recombinant human IFN-λ3 prior to infection with 200 PFU of E5. (G) Bar plot showing E5 RNA levels measured by quantitative PCR in ChP organoids following IFN-λ3 pretreatment; data are shown as mean ± standard deviation with individual organoids represented as points. (H) Volcano plot showing differential gene expression in uninfected ChP organoids treated with 1,000 ng/mL IFN-λ3. (I) Heatmap showing the top upregulated ISGs in uninfected ChP organoids treated with 1,000 ng/mL IFN-λ3. For volcano plots, pink circles indicate significantly differentially expressed genes (log₂ fold change > 1; adjusted p value < 0.05). For heatmaps, red indicates higher expression and blue indicates lower expression.

Article Snippet: Choroid plexus organoids (∼55 days in culture) were pretreated overnight with 0, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL recombinant human IFN-λ3 (rhIFN-λ3; R&D Systems, cat. no. 8417-IL-025/CF) diluted in cerebral organoid differentiation medium containing vitamin A.

Techniques: Infection, Standard Deviation, Gene Expression, Expressing, Recombinant, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Type I and Type III Interferons Differentially Shape Antiviral Defense and Epithelial Integrity at the Choroid Plexus

doi: 10.64898/2026.02.10.705109

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A-E) Tg32, Tg32 Ifnlr1-/- , Tg32 Ifnar1-/- , and Tg32 Ifnar1-/- Ifnlr1-/- mice were intracranially inoculated with 200 PFU of E5 at postnatal day three, and brains were harvested at two days post infection. (A) Representative hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained sections showing the choroid plexus across all four genotypes; the dotted box indicates the region shown at higher magnification below. (B–D) Blinded pathological scoring of H&E-stained sections for (B) choroid plexus epithelial pathology, (C) immune cell infiltration, and (D) epithelial vacuolation across all four genotypes, with representative images shown below. The scale at right indicates the percentage of tissue affected; red arrows denote representative pathological features. (E) Representative immunohistochemical staining for the tight junction protein ZO-1 in the choroid plexus across all four genotypes; red arrows indicate disrupted junctional staining in Tg32 Ifnar1-/- mice. (F–K) Choroid plexus organoids were pretreated with 0 or 1,000 ng/mL recombinant human IFN-λ3 and subsequently infected with 200 PFU of E5; RNA was collected at three days post infection. (F) Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes in IFN-λ3–treated choroid plexus organoids, with point colors indicating associated Gene Ontology (GO) pathways (key at right). (G) Heatmap comparing differentially expressed genes across E5-infected, IFN-λ3–treated, and untreated choroid plexus organoids; colors at left denote associated GO pathways (key at right), with red indicating higher expression and blue indicating lower expression. (H–K) Expression changes of selected individual genes across the three conditions. Scale bars: 500 µm and 100 µm (A), 200 µm (B), 100 µm (C), and 50 µm (D, E).

Article Snippet: Choroid plexus organoids (∼55 days in culture) were pretreated overnight with 0, 100, or 1,000 ng/mL recombinant human IFN-λ3 (rhIFN-λ3; R&D Systems, cat. no. 8417-IL-025/CF) diluted in cerebral organoid differentiation medium containing vitamin A.

Techniques: Infection, Staining, Immunohistochemical staining, Recombinant, Expressing

Journal: Medicina

Article Title: Multi-Marker Approach in Sepsis: A Clinical Role Beyond SOFA Score

doi: 10.3390/medicina62010201

Figure Lengend Snippet: Diagnostic performance of biomarkers for sepsis. ( A ) ROC curves for biomarkers. ( B ) Distribution of sepsis cases stratified by the number of biomarkers exceeding optimal cutoff values. Abbreviations: ROC, receiver operating characteristic; NA, not available; NS, not significant; AUC, area under the curve; CI, confidence interval; PCT, procalcitonin; PSEP, presepsin; IFN-λ3, interferon-λ3; bio-ADM, bioactive adrenomedullin.

Article Snippet: PSEP and IFN-λ3 levels were measured in serum using the HISCL PSEP and HISCL IFN-λ3 assays (Sysmex, Kobe, Japan) based on a chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay on an HISCL 5000 automated analyzer (Sysmex).

Techniques: Diagnostic Assay